Publications & White Papers
The Argos® Monitor and the Multi-Beat™ Analysis algorithm have been clinically validated at well-established medical centers across the globe.
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Strong adoption at top 5 U.S. leading medical centers
Publications on the Argos Monitor
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Key finding: In a prospective study of CAB surgery patients with preserved ejection fraction, the authors found that low cardiac index (CI) as measured by the Argos frequently occurred. The majority of low CIs occurred when blood pressure was normal. Exploratory analyses suggested an association between the duration of low CI and postoperative Acute Kidney Injury.
Goeddel, Lee et al, Occurrence of Low Cardiac Index During Normotensive Periods in Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Continuous Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring -
Key finding: In MICU patients with sepsis / septic shock and receiving norepinephrine, the Argos monitor accurately tracked changes in CO and showed excellent performance in measuring fluid responsiveness after a fluid challenge where transpulmonary thermodilution was the reference.
Bitker, L. et al, Critical Care and Resuscitation, Vol. 26, Issue 2, June 2024, pp. 108-115. -
Key finding: Validation of MBA for cardiac output estimation in cardiogenic shock patients.
Kee A, et al. Prospective Evaluation of a Multibeat Analysis Cardiac Index Estimation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia (2023). -
Key finding: In comparison with CO measured by the PAC, the Argos device proved to be more accurate than the FloTrac 3 device in CO trending and absolute CO measurement in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
Mukkamala R, Kohl BA, Mahajan A. Comparison of accuracy of two uncalibrated pulse contour cardiac output monitors in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery patients using pulmonary artery catheter-thermodilution as a reference. BMC Anesthesiol (2021). -
Key finding: The multi-beat analysis (MBA) demonstrated good performance in estimating the CO variations during hemodynamic challenges compared to TED, even when vasopressors were used.
Le Gall, A., Vallée, F., Joachim, J. et al. Estimation of cardiac output variations induced by hemodynamic interventions using multi-beat analysis of arterial waveform: a comparative off-line study with transesophageal Doppler method during non-cardiac surgery. J Clin Monit Comput (2021). -
Key finding: The concordance rate for CO changes between PATD-CO and MBA-CO was 89% for cardiac surgical patients.
Saugel B, Heeschen J, Hapfelmeier A. et al. Cardiac output estimation using multi-beat analysis of the radial arterial blood pressure waveform: a method comparison study in patients having off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery using intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution as the reference method. J Clin Monitoring and Computing (2019). -
Key finding: CO estimations by multi-beat analysis of the radial arterial blood pressure waveform (Argos Monitor) show 88% agreement compared with CO measured by intermittent PATD for post-surgical ICU patients.
Greiwe G, Peters V, Hapfelmeier A. et al. Cardiac output estimation by multi-beat analysis of the radial arterial blood pressure waveform versus intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution: a method comparison study in patients treated in the intensive care unit after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Clin Monitoring and Computing (2019).
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Key finding: Validation of Cardiac Output measurement by MBA algorithm in post cardiac surgery intensive care unit patients.
Khanna A, et al. Agreement between cardiac output estimation by multi‑beat analysis of arterial blood pressure waveforms and continuous thermodilution in post cardiac surgery intensive care unit patients. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (2023). -
Key finding: 18.5% calibrated CO error compared to pulmonary artery catheter (single bolus thermodilution) in 184 critically ill patients.
Zhang G and Mukkamala R. Continuous and minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring by long time interval analysis of a radial arterial pressure waveform assessment using a large, public intensive care unit patient database. Br J Anaesth, 2012;109(3):339–344. -
Key finding: Reliable tracking of CO reductions in 129 healthy humans during central hypovolemia.
Reisner AT, Xu D, Ryan KL, Convertino VA, Rickards CA and Mukkamala R. Monitoring non-invasive cardiac output and stroke volume during experimental human hypovolaemia and resuscitation. Br J Anaesth, 2011;106(1):23-30. -
Key finding: 15.1% calibrated CO error compared to Doppler ultrasound in 10 healthy humans during drug and postural interventions.
Lu Z and Mukkamala R. Continuous cardiac output monitoring in humans by invasive and noninvasive peripheral blood pressure waveform analysis. J Appl Physiol, 2006;101:598-608. -
Key finding: 12.9% calibrated CO error compared to aortic flow probe in 6 animals during drug and volume interventions.
Mukkamala R, Reisner AT, Hojman HM, Mark RG, Member S, Cohen RJ. Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring by Peripheral Blood Pressure Waveform Analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2006;53(3):459-467.
- Comparison of Minimally Invasive Multi-Beat Analysis Method for Cardiac Output with 2-D Echocardiography. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 2024.
- Muñoz F, Born P, Bruna M, et al. Coexistence of a fluid responsive state and venous congestion signals in critically ill patients: a multicenter observational proof-of-concept study. Critical Care. 2024;28(1):52. doi:10.1186/s13054-024-04834-1.
- Hernández G, Valenzuela ED, Kattan E, et al. Capillary refill time response to a fluid challenge or a vasopressor test: an observational, proof-of-concept study. Annals of Intensive Care. 2024;14(1):49. doi:10.1186/s13613-024-01275-5.
- Relevant PublicationsBruna M, Alfaro S, Muñoz F, et al. Dynamic changes of hepatic vein Doppler velocities predict preload responsiveness in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. 2024;12:46. doi:10.1186/s40635-024-00631-w.
Conference Presentations, Posters and Abstracts
- Arterial Blood Pressure Waveform Based Cardiac Output Analysis Correlates with Continuous Pulmonary Artery Thermodilution In Post Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit Patients Including Those With Arrhythmia
- An analysis of response times for detection of changes in cardiac output in post operative cardiac surgery patients
- Endotypes of Hypotension in Critically Ill Patients
- Goeddel, L. et al. “Mean low cardiac output during cardiac surgery is associated with renal tubular injury measured by urinary NGAL,” ASN 2023.
- McNamara, C. et al. “Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Case Report of Hemodynamic Monitoring in Cardiogenic Shock,” ASA 2020.
- Nelson, B. et al. “Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring using photoplethysmography and non-invasive blood pressure: prospective validation against pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution in post-cardiac surgery patients,” IARS/SOCCA 2026.
- Ji, Y. et al. “Cardiac output analysis with Multi-beat analysis of arterial waveform in heart failure patients,” SCCM 2023.
- Ji, Y. et al. “Evaluation of multi-beat analysis method for cardiac output estimation in heart failure patients with arrhythmia,” SOCCA 2023.
White Papers
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